Section 2B. Optics

Lens
Ray optics

Geometrical Optics
This java applet demonstrates two important theories in geometrical optics:
The law of Reflection and
The Law of Refraction
In the first demonstration the user adjusts the angle of incidence and the applet shows the angle of reflection in different colour. In the second one, one can choose different kinds of medium and the refraction pattern including the case of total internal reflection is shown.

The Optical Prism
The angle of the prism can be adjusted giving different forms of reflection pattern.

Thin Lens
This java applet demonstrates the reflection due to mirrors and lens. Students may adjust all the parameters, such as choosing a mirror or a len, concave and convex, the object distance and the image distance, and also the focal length or the magnification. The other parameters are then calculated and the image of the object is formed.

The world above the water surface viewed from fishes eyes
This java applet demonstrates how objects are viewed by fish under water. As light propagates through different media, its speed changes, causing the light to reflect at the boundary. Therefore, as the light ray passes from the medium above water to the fish eyes, reflection occurs and a specific image is formed. Students can click the object to change the position of the object.

Light
This page provides the basic theory (including examples) of the following topics:
1. Luminous and illuminated bodies
2. Luminous flux and illuminance
3. Colors
4. Reflection of light 
5. Refraction of light
After this 5 chapters, it also provides a chapter quiz as a test to the students