temperature and thermometers

• temperature as the degree of hotness of an object
• interpretation of temperature as a quantity associated with average kinetic energy due to the random motion of the molecules in a system
• use of temperature-dependent properties to measure temperature
• degree Celsius as a unit of temperature
• fixed points on the Celsius scale

heat and internal energy

• heat as the energy transferred resulting from the temperature difference between two objects
• internal energy as the energy stored in a system
• interpretation of internal energy as the sum of the kinetic energy of random motion and the potential energy of the molecules in a system

heat capacity and specific heat capacity

• definitions of heat capacity and specific heat capacity
• application of the formulato solve problems
• practical importance of the high specific heat capacity of water

conduction, convection and radiation

• conduction, convection and radiation as means of energy transfer
• interpretation, in terms of molecular motion, of energy transfer by conduction in solids and by convection in fluids
• emission of infra-red radiation by hot objects
• factors affecting the emission and absorption of radiation

melting and freezing, boiling and condensing

• melting point and boiling point

latent heat

• latent heat as the energy transferred during a change of state at constant temperature
• interpretation of latent heat in terms of the change of potential energy of the molecules during a change of state
• definitions of specific latent heat of fusion and specific latent heat of vaporization
• application of the formula to solve problems

evaporation

• occurrence of evaporation below boiling point
• cooling effect of evaporation
• factors affecting rate of evaporation
• interpretation of evaporation in terms of molecular motion